The Essex Regiment : 1st Battalion (44th)

Burrows, John William1931

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Summary

In the first one hundred and seventy years of its existence the regiment saw a great deal of action as described in the first part of this volume - in Flanders, North America, Canada, the Peninsular War, Waterloo, India, Burma, Afghanistan (the retreat from Kabul), the Crimea, China and the South African War. During the Napoleonic Wars a second battalion was formed (2/44th) in 1803 and disbanded after Waterloo in 1816. It would be another sixty-five years before a second battalion was again formed when, following the Cardwell Reforms whereby single battalion regiments were linked to create two battalion regiments, the 44th Foot was linked with the 56th to form the 1st and 2nd Battalions of the Essex Regiment. When war broke out in 1914 the 1st Essex was in Mauritius; it came home in December and joined the 86th Brigade in the newly formed 29th Division ('The Incomparable 29th'). The division landed at Gallipoli on 25th April 1915 and fought there till the peninsula was evacuated in January 1916. In March 1916 it arrived in France and on 1st July 1916 the battalion was in action in the disastrous attack at Beaumont Hamel at the start of the Somme Offensive. In February 1918, 1st Essex was transferred to 112th Brigade of 37th Division with which it remained to the end of the war. In all the battalion lost in killed 1,787 officers and other ranks. The book closes with an account of the years immediately following the end of the war, especially operations in Ireland against Sinn Fein in which the battalion lost two officers and eleven other ranks killed and seventeen wounded; two officers and four other ranks attached were also killed.